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Establish the law of conservation of energy) of: Snow Dust Hits: [] Date: [1 Tongue up (2)

1-14 11:24:24] This book is not published the first draft, the only designated Guying social network for the book published in the media, other websites and media without the consent of, do not the official reference. Welcome to suggest modifications. Professor Han Feng author contact information for the E-mail: [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] QQ: 376382126
order book will be released, please pay attention to the reader when reading the article title Rise of modern science and civilization in the second Chapter VII of the nineteenth century the overall development of modern science s 7.7 Thermodynamics and the establishment of energy conservation law; the energy of the universe is constant. Entropy of the universe tend to one? Maximum .- Clausius Conservation and transformation on the movement is not obvious. the first is a philosophical speculation, such as Descartes, such as the Lomonosov, and the ancient Chinese philosopher Wang Fu -chih: . The former emphasizes the so-called dynamic, while the latter considered to be one's strength mv. Engels argued that the transformation between the mechanical motion is the conservation of mv, when the mechanical motion conversion between the forms and other sports, the conserved quantities of energy to be used (Later we found should be added coefficient, it is called kinetic energy) to discuss. Indeed, and movement patterns of each other (such as electromagnetic fields, etc.) of the momentum and energy into each other to meet their conservation laws, which are the basic measure of mechanical motion. The first and the second law of thermodynamics is the 19th-century scientific theory that the most significant achievements. Which established law of conservation of energy transformation and not only because of its universality has been called the Moreover, it is also scientific understanding of today's basic starting point. Follow the footsteps of history, let's start talking about the cycle heat engine. In order to improve the mechanical efficiency of the steam engine, improved technology alone can not ultimately solve the problem. This must be heat-depth analysis from the theory of power mechanism, could truly grasp the ways to improve the efficiency of heat and limits. The simplest is a Carnot cycle heat engine cycle. Kano, others do not focus on the improvement of mechanical details of his theory of the ideal heat from the working principle of research. 1824 Carnot published He introduced the concept of duty cycle, which is known as For improving the efficiency of heat engine, and he certainly knows a lot of factors, the ideal way to play a role here. He conceived an conversion to mechanical work. This idealized model through the analysis, is the main reason for the success of Kano, but also in theoretical physics in the 20th century,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], large-scale use, and effective scientific methods. Kano analogy made waterfall of water for power for power the size of the heat engine depends only on He believes that heat and mass of the This means that heat must work in high -temperature heat and low temperature heat source, the greater the temperature difference between the two heat sources, the higher the efficiency of heat engines. Unless the low temperature heat source is the absolute zero (which is impossible), then the total efficiency of heat engine is less than 1. That is, the heat can not be turned into useful work without causing other effects. In other words, a state from the small probability to the probability of large changes in the state, there must be an opposite, from the probability of large chance of a small state to the state of the process can be compensated. Carnot cycle shows that work completely transformed into heat (that is mechanical energy transformed into internal energy) is possible, and heat completely successful transition is not possible. This heat is impossible perpetual motion machine of the second category, and the kind of external energy can not be completely successful first perpetual motion machine is impossible. Although the concept of thermal mass is wrong, but he made pursuant to the principle is correct. That there are many cases in the history of science, such as we are still using the concept of heat is based on heat and mass based on that. Carnot theorem has been correctly calculated the efficiency of heat method, but because it is based on the results of the impact of the piston, the fluid in the process the total amount of conservation, and he is very close though, but still did not reach the energy transformation and conservation found in this step. Kano, age 36, died due to cholera , the people left behind from his prepared notes found in the paper, he actually denied that the thermal mass, and that fever is a driving force, or a kind of sport. He wrote: Objects in a small part of the power if eliminated , must at the same time produce the amount of power with the elimination of the proportion of heat Yange Cheng, on the contrary, heat elimination, they will generate power in one place. One can thus propose a general proposition: Power is an invariant of nature, precisely, it can neither created nor destroyed. Unfortunately, due to premature death in Kano, the results of his failed energy conservation law in the process of establishing what role to play. Such as energy conservation a high degree of generality of the general principles, if not quite a high degree of philosophy background, alone on the induction of many facts is very difficult to set up. This is true, the late 18th to early 19th century, popular in Europe, powerbands, especially Germany's natural philosophy is against this background. Most of them believe that there is a non-destructive natural forces, and as if such a concept first, then go to this search for evidence. In this process, three men played a pivotal role. Meyer is a German doctor first person he came in for Java and found a doctor onboard, high-temperature regions of tropical human blood seems to be redder. By Lavoisier's view, this is due to oxidation of food in tropical residents decreased, only the smaller of the heat absorption of food is enough to maintain body temperature, leaving some excess oxygen to stay in the blood, the hemoglobin oxygen binding making more and oxyhemoglobin was bright red. He also told the crew that the water after a storm to be hotter. Meyer brings me, the body heat emitted from the energy consumption and labor (he called it the will be converted into heat leaving water temperature. Meyer to organic chemical processes and physical phenomena not linked to the body, producing heat and mechanical motion has some equivalent of relationships between ideas . Thoughts from the individual to achieve such a phenomenon common conclusion, which is obviously a huge leap. In 1842 his paper He said the force here refers to the His analysis: For all these reasons the first characteristic, we call it the eternal nature. ... This can take different forms of capacity, because of all the important characteristics of the second. Meyer uses speculative, philosophy of language, rather than evidence of language, philosophical thinking from the natural to the energy transformation and conservation awareness. Due to lack of solid experimental evidence as a foundation, so academic a fashion not widely accepted this view. Really built on the strict law of energy conservation based on a British experimental physicist Joule. He studied the heating effect of current and how the mechanical power into electricity for the last into thermal energy conversion between, he has been quite accurate determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat equivalent to 436 kcal per thousand kilos of work (accepted value is now 427 thousand kilos). J starting from a number of separate issues, step by step back since the 19th century, discovered that a series of linked factors, his analysis of detailed, comprehensive, and from different aspects, many of the conversion phenomenon reveals a uniform rule,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], so as to throughout the various systems of nature, all kinds of change process to find a unified explanation of the basis, provides a guiding principle and research program. In his being. This is what maintains the order of the universe - there is no destruction, had not suffered any loss, no matter how complex the whole machine, but it still lubrication work in harmony. Joule is the work by the lack of rigorous logical reasoning, rising to the height of thought to understand the meaning of this law. Truly comprehensive overview of energy conservation law and its universality, and it built on the basis of strict mathematical proof is the German scholar, the famous nineteenth-century German physicist, physiologist and mathematician Helmholtz. To him, both of Miami deep ideological analysis and extensive experimental basis Joule, with full use of mathematics, using the usual language of physicists, summarized the law of conservation of energy conversion and the most general conclusions. In 1847 he was a long paper kinds of meaning: force, energy, and the no change. He discussed the change in kinetic energy of an object is equal to the work done by force, and free-fall case specifically discusses its mathematical expression. Although his main research is mechanical energy and its transformation, but he thinks it applies equally to thermal processes ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], electrical and electromagnetic processes even the process of chemical and biological processes. 70 years old when he published the autobiographical birthday speech, he stressed that his energy conservation law is in perpetual motion can not be summarized based on the fact that up. He described the process of his thought is: it was popular relationship? In particular, these relationships really exist? This kind of thinking led him to the eventual establishment of living and non-living systems ...